The homes were founded in 1872 and continued to emigrate children until 1948
Progress of the Homes | Reports & Legislation |
1834 Poor Law Amendment Act setting up workhouses | |
1850 Emigration of Children Act permitted assisted emigration of workhouse children | |
1869 Maria Rye’s first party to Canada including some workhouse children | 1869 Canada Immigration Act required medical examination of all poor immigrants |
1870 Annie McPherson’s first party of workhouse children to Canada | |
1872 John Middlemore established The Emigration Homes for Gutter Children | |
May1873 first Middlemore party of 29 children to Ontario, Canada | |
1875 Opening of Guthrie Home in London, Ontario as reception centre | 1875 Doyle Report. Workhouse emigration stopped. |
1878 newly built Homes opened in St Luke’s Rd | |
1883 Memorandum resulted in resumption of emigration by workhouse children,. | |
1885 Move to the Maritimes. Children settled in province of new Brunswick | Increasing influence of eugenics theories. |
1888 Canadian debates in parliament resulting in cancellation of assisted passage policy for juvenile immigrants | |
1889 a medical certificate now needed for each child immigrant | |
1890 Closure of Guthrie Home | 1890s increased discussion of Eugenics in Nova Scotia |
1892 Last Middlemore party to Ontario | |
1893 All children from mow on emigrated to the Maritime provinces initially received in temporary accommodation.in Halifax & at Hillfoot Farm | |
1895 Hillfoot Farm burnt down | |
1897. Fairview Receiving Home opens in Halifax | |
1917 -19 No shipments of children because of WW1 About 63 Ex Middlemore boys died in WW1 | |
Dec1917 Halifax Explosion. Fairview Home damaged | |
1920 First post war Middlemore party arrived in Quebec and distributed by train | 1922 British Empire Settlement Act encouraging 8 to 16 year olds emigration to the colonies |
1924. Death of John Middlemore | 1924 The Bondfield Report 1925 British and Canadian laws forbid unaccompanied emigration of under 14s |
1926 First Middlemore party to Australia in association with Fairbridge | . |
1926 to1932 small numbers of children taken to the Maritimes, chiefly to New Brunswick | 1927 McGregor Report 1928 Opening of Pier 21 in Halifax |
1929 Opening of new Homes at Selly Oak, Birmingham | |
1930 Last party of Middlemore girls sent directly to farms and indentured | |
1931 Paul Cadbury becomes Chair of Homes Committee in Birmingham | |
1932 Last party of Middlemore boys sent to be indentured | 1932 Canada suspended assisted immigration |
1935 First Middlemore party to Fairbridge Farm School in British Columbia. | |
1935 Middlemore agreement with Fairbridge to recruit from “Special Areas” in northern England, S Wales and Scotland | |
1941 Closure of Fairview | |
1948 last Middlemoe emigrant to Canada 1949 Closure of the Fairbridge Farm School in Canada End of association with Fairbridge. | 1948 Children Act in Britain, Local authorities now responsible for children needing protection. Australia ceased accepting immigrant children |
1955Selly Oak buildings sold. Became Westhill College | |
1975 Guthrie House burnt down as Fire training exercise |